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Tender evaluation through efficiency analysis for public construction contracts

Stefan NIEWERTH, Peter VOGT, Markus THEWES

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 148-158 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0119-z

摘要： Given the European Public Procurement Directive 2014/24/EU, policymakers have ordered the inclusion of various criteria, such as the price, life-cycle costs, environmental, and social aspects, in the evaluation of tenders for public construction projects. Consequently, the relevance of non-monetary award criteria has gained significant value. However, the established evaluation formulas, which are used to obtain the best value for money procurement, have resulted in legal disputes. The existing evaluation formulas exhibit mathematical weaknesses, wherein scoring indices do not express economic efficiency adequately. Thus, a conflict is observed between the political requirement of non-monetary award criteria and their evaluation by contracting authorities. To overcome such dilemma, an extensive literature review is conducted. Specifically, this study explores the essential problems of existing evaluation formulas and develops a more reliable method. The technique from the field of efficiency analysis, i.e., Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), is adopted in this study. For contract awarding, the DEA is extended by introducing a decision theoretical framework. For public procurement, the proposed method combines two advantages. First, the proposed method ensures the derivation of a robust tender ranking given that with respect to clients’ preferences, irrelevant and insufficiently tailored tenders do not influence the scoring. Second, the proposed method supports the intention of policy makers to promote public goals, such as sustainable aspects. By disclosing the strengths and weaknesses of bidders with respect to their competitors, all bidders can obtain a precise overview of their performance regarding the award criteria. In sum, the proposed method allows a targeted improvement of certain criteria values in future tenders and consequently leads to an enhancement of public goals.

关键词： bid evaluation public procurement best value for money data envelopment analysis contractor selection

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Construction engineering management culture shift: Is the lowest tender offer dead?

Eric SCHEEPBOUWER, Douglas D. GRANSBERG, Carla Lopez del PUERTO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 49-57 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017014

摘要： The procurement of public construction projects must walk a fine line between the corruption of state officials and collusion of contractors. The method of awarding projects to the lowest responsible tenderer was originally implemented to guard against corruption of state officials. However, an investigation of the construction industry in the Canadian province of Quebec showed that lowest-tender-offer procurement gave rise to collusion of companies tendering for the contracts. Alternatively, best-value procurement has been used for decades, but here problems arise owing to the necessity of subjective judging of measures other than price to compare bids, giving rise to time- and money-consuming protests. The paper proposes a compelling argument that the construction engineering management (CEM) culture should refocus its efforts on enhancing project cost certainty rather than merely searching for means to design a project in a manner that produces the lowest initial cost, and awards the construction to the lowest tender offer that focuses on cost savings during the project development and delivery process. The difference in the two approaches is subtle but extremely important. To make the transition, the engineering management tools must be advanced to the next level. This means that all project control tools for managing cost, schedule, and technical scope must be transformed from working in the deterministic mode to the stochastic mode, thus making the probability of completing the project within or below its official budget the primary decision criterion. To do so, CEMs must accept that there is a benefit in paying more for an alternative that increases cost certainty for the entire project. The authors of this paper hope that it will provide the grist for a more general dialog across all industry sectors where engineering management is practiced.

关键词： cost certainty lowest responsible bid best value public procurement construction engineering management culture

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Analysis of inventory level under procurement constraints in supply chain

CHANG Guangshu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第3期页码 361-363 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0063-1

摘要： Because the inventory is one of the major factors that affect the performance of the supply chain system, efficient reduction of an inventory can effectively reduce the cost level of the total supply chain. Therefore, inventory management is an important means to optimize the operation of a supply chain and enhance the competitive advantage. Considering the (, ) policy in an inventory management, this paper establishes a model of the inventory level. Then, the change of the inventory level with and without the procurement constraints is analyzed, and their expectation and variance calculated. Consequently, the order point can be determined accurately to reduce the inventory level and the operation risk.

关键词： supply efficient reduction system expectation procurement

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工程采购的代理成本

陈守科,韦灼彬

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第11期页码 66-71

摘要：

以非对称信息博弈及委托-代理理论为理论背景，分析了工程采购代理成本的产生、组成及内涵关系，并对最优激励合同的设计、最优监督策略及其成本做了分析说明。

关键词：工程采购代理成本非对称信息博弈委托-代理理论

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Qualitative analysis of direction of public hospital reforms in China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第2期页码 218-223 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0534-7

摘要：

Reforms in public hospitals are among the most important improvements in China’s health care system over the last two decades. However, the reforms that should be implemented in public hospitals are unclear. Thus, a feasible direction of reforms in Chinese public hospitals is suggested and reliable policy suggestions are provided for the government to reform public hospitals. The data used in this study were mainly derived from a qualitative study. Focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted in Shanghai, Guangdong, and Gansu between May and December 2014. Government funding accounted for approximately eight percent of the total annual revenue of public hospitals in China, and the insufficient government subsidy considerably affects the operation mechanism of public hospitals. However, solely increasing this subsidy cannot address the inappropriate incentives of public hospitals in China. The most crucial step in setting the direction of reforms in public hospitals in China is transforming inappropriate incentives by implementing a new evaluation index system for directors and physicians in public hospitals.

关键词： public hospital government hospital public funding operation mechanism

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The Routine and Emergency Coordinated Management of Public Security

Ning Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 331-338 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015063

摘要： The paper presents a study based on the observation of public security programme situations. Nowadays, public security management is faced with challenges such as the increase in non-traditional safety threats, high occurrence probability, obvious complex chain reactions, high security demand, vulnerable bearing systems and world-wide influences. For the new adapted requirements of public security management, this paper puts forward the concept of the coordinated routine and emergency management, which combines the routine management at normal status and the emergency management at the abnormal status based on the whole process of public security management. This paper analyzes the coordinated management system and establishes the decision-making objectives, decision-making model and constraints. In addition, this paper proposes the basic strategy of achieving the coordinated management of public security.

关键词： public security routine management emergency management coordinated management

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战略性新兴产业国外经典政策工具分析——政府采购与补贴政策

许冠南,王秀芹,潘美娟,周源

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第4期页码 113-120 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.04.017

摘要：

当前，战略性新兴产业已经成为一国产业结构升级和抢占世界经济发展制高点的关键，世界各国纷纷将新兴产业的发展提升到国家战略高度，应用各种政策工具大力推动新兴产业加速发展。研究国外为促进新兴产业发展做出的重要举措对我国制定相应政策具有重要的借鉴作用。本文重点分析了发达国家为了推进新兴产业发展所采用的政府采购与政府补贴两种经典政策工具，以期为我国培育发展战略性新兴产业提供参考。

关键词：新兴产业政策工具政府采购政府补贴产业政策分析

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Connecting Information to Promote Public Health

Xue-mei Su,Jia Zhao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 384-389 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016054

摘要： With the development of information technology in the past 12 years, China has established the specialized or vertical web-based information systems for data collection of disease and related risk factor. These information systems are described as public health information systems (PHIS) in China. When PHIS has thus evolved in a haphazard and fragmented way under the pressure administrative, economic and legal, local health workers who are overburdened with multiple and time-consuming reporting requirements cannot deliver timely, accurate and complete data. Seeing that the information of disease surveillance is provided by hospitals and health service centers in China and that the development of electronic medical record (EMR) and electronic health record (EHR) occurs under the policy and investment of health since 2009 in China, there should be a connection and data sharing mechanism between EMR (EHR) and PHIS to support public health surveillance and public health decision-making. The paper aims at discussing current status and problems of PHIS in China, making a brief introduction on the blueprint of health information technology in China, exploring solution for interoperability between PHIS and EHR (EMR), and sharing some experiences and lessons from pilot project on automatic notifiable infectious disease reporting.

关键词： public health information system data exchange China

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Changes in public trust in physicians: empirical evidence from China

Dahai Zhao, Zhiruo Zhang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 504-510 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0666-4

摘要： Studies examining the trends in public trust in physicians have provided a considerable amount of valuable policy implications for policymakers compared with cross-sectional studies on this topic in many countries. This study investigated changes in public trust in physicians in China based on two cross-sectional national surveys conducted in 2011 and 2016 and identified the determinants of these changes. The results indicated 83.4% of respondents in 2011 reported trust or strong trust in physicians in China, which decreased to 64.2% by 2016. The results of ordinal logistic regression demonstrated that public trust in physicians in China had decreased significantly from 2011 to 2016 ( <0.001) after adjusting for other independent variables. Self-reported health status, self-rated happiness, and self-identified social class were all associated positively with public trust in physicians in China. The results also confirmed that decreasing public satisfaction with the most recent treatment experience was the major determinant of decreasing public trust in physicians in China. The findings of this study suggest that decreasing public trust in physicians deserves considerable attention from national policymakers and that improving satisfaction with treatment experiences would be the most effective strategy for enhancing public trust in physicians in China.

关键词： trust in physicians public trust physician-patient relationship health system performance

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Overview and problems of BIM implementation in Japan

Takashi KANETA, Shuzo FURUSAKA, Nisi DENG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 146-155 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017007

摘要： This paper aims to overview Building Information Modeling (BIM) implementation and problems of BIM implementation in Japan. First, BIM implementation guidelines and pilot projects are introduced. Then, some popular BIM software together with typical implementation cases are provided. BIM implementation in Japan is not always encouraged via a top-down consensus in architectural firms and general contractors, as the client and architects can reduce the project risk inherent in design and drawings by transferring these tasks to a general contractor. The paper finally discusses the problems in project management to present a strategy to develop a new version of BIM that will provide value to all of the stakeholders of a project.

关键词： Building Information Modeling general contractor architect drawing procurement project management

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Urban design based on public safety-Discussion on safety-based urban design

Kaizhen CAI, Jianguo WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 219-227 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0023-4

摘要： Because of public safety problems in construction of urban surroundings, this paper expounds the necessity of the study on public safety-based urban design in perspective of modern city. It brings forward the concept of safety-based urban design and attempts to explore the basic connotation and contents with framework for studies.

关键词： urban public safety urban design safety-based urban design

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Robust public-private partnerships for joint railway and property development

Ka Fai NG, Hong K. LO, Yue HUAI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 437-450 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017068

摘要： The involvement of the private sector in the construction or operation of an infrastructure project may enhance the financial viability of projects, which facilitates the formation of public-private partnership (PPP) for project delivery. PPP exploits the strength of the private sector by shifting certain project risks from the public party to the private sector who can efficiently manage certain risks. In joint railway and housing development, the approach of bundling railway and housing development (R&HD) allows cross-subsidization between immense railway construction cost and profitable housing rental revenue. This approach also provides flexibility in incorporating PPP models by distributing railway and housing revenues and costs and their inherent risks properly to the public and private sectors. Ng and Lo (2015a) developed an evaluation framework for joint railway and property development, which evaluates PPPs based on financial and construction criteria for selecting the best suitable PPP for a particular project. This study, which is based on the framework in Ng and Lo (2015a), aims to examine the robustness of various PPP configurations. This study analyzes the effects of PPP configurations on stakeholders’ risks and returns under population or demand growth and railway construction cost uncertainties. The eventual outcome of particular PPP configurations is also examined. This study also seeks to answer the following questions: How would optimal configuration change under highly volatile population and railway construction cost? Are there PPP configurations that are robust to these uncertainties and those that are sensitive to a particular uncertainty? This understanding is critical for managing risks and facilitating the formation of appropriate PPP for R&HD.

关键词： public-private partnership BFOOD housing and railway development

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Heat prices for public buildings in Tianjin

Boyuan HAO,Zhe TIAN,Yan DING,Peng PENG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 249-259 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0412-z

摘要： Energy-saving awareness of heat users and heating enterprises can be stimulated by implementing heat metering for public buildings and by establishing scientific and reasonable policies for heat prices in China. In this paper, a two-part heat price for public buildings in Tianjin is introduced, which divides the heat price into a basic part and a metering part. According to the statistical analysis of information collected from two pilot heating enterprises, the specific heat load for public buildings in Tianjin is calculated, and three candidate schemes of heat price are proposed. A simulation of heat cost is also conducted, and the benefits for both heat users and heating enterprises are balanced. Finally, the two-part heat price for public buildings in Tianjin is determined: the basic heat price is recommended to be 20 CNY/m , and the metering heat price is recommended to be 76.10 CNY/GJ. Such a price could be implemented in the initial stage of heat metering for public buildings in Tianjin.

关键词： heat metering public buildings two-part heat price specific heat load

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Sustainable Supply Model Design of Public Rental Housing —Case Study of Chongqing

Xiao Li,Xiang Gu,Yue Teng,Pan Li

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 410-416 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014050

摘要： Public rental housing is an important governmental project. Within the next three years, Chongqing municipal government proposes building 40×10 m of public rental housing to solve the housing problem for 2 million people. Many problems of sustainability have happened in long-term large-scale construction, including gradually-slow renting progress, the shortage of funds, public rental housing community facilities are retrograde, and the selected sites are at the city’s edge. This paper analyzes the Chongqing public rental housing situation from the perspective of sustainable public rental housing supply, putting forward a sustainable supply model that is suitable for Chongqing, and then calculates their portion.

关键词： public rental housing sustainability supply model filtering theory

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现代新型煤化工工程建设项目管理模式探讨

武祥东

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第2期页码 54-58

摘要：

笔者分析了传统的自营管理模式、国际PMC（project management contractor,项目管理承包商）模式和IPMT（integrated project management team, 联合管理团队）模式3种现行项目管理模式的优缺点，结合现代新型煤化工项目建设特点和建设业主的实际，探讨了现代煤化工项目建设的有效管理模式，提出了项目管理建议。

关键词：管理模式煤化工 EPC(engineering procurement construction) IPMT